The Leeuwin Current

The Leeuwin electric current is a warm naval current that feed ins towards the confederation approximately the Western Australian coast and turns towards the east passing through Cape Leeuwin. It continues towards the Great Australian Bight influencing as far as Tasmania.It was discovered a c years ago when an investigation of the nautical life of the Abrolhos Islands was conducted by William Saville-Kent. It was alleged that there was a warm current shineing towards the south glum Western Australia instead of the anticipated cool current that was going towards the join in the bounds of southern Africa and South America.This supposition was based on his observations of warm irrigate and tropic marine flora and fauna around the Abrolhos Islands. It was only during the dawn of the satellite technology in 1970s that the world of the southwards- period of timeing current was finally confirmed. It was then material bodyd the Leeuwin Current by George Cresswell and Terry Go lding, with its name coming from a merchant ship called Leeuwin, which meant Lioness.The Leeuwin currents saturation varied all through out the year. Its current was strongest during autumn and winter, on the months of April to October, because the opposing winds ar weakest. The weakest Leeuwin currents strength, on the other hand, is weakest during November to March. It is during this mollify when there are strong winds blowing towards the north opposing the southwards flow of the current.The most productive fisheries are due to the Leeuwin currents peck of cool waters rich with nutrients. Here are the contributions that the Leeuwin current brought to the marine life and the aquatic environment that it flows through. The existence of true corals at the Abrolhos Islands and the transpose of tropical marine species at the west coast and onto the Great Australian Bight are due to this current.This is because the Leeuwin Current causes the continental shelf waters of Western Austr alia to be warmer in winter than the regions equivalent of that in southern Africa and Chile during summer. The Houtman Abrolhos Islands which is to the highest degree the edge of the continental shift forth of Geraldton, is the southernmost true building corals in the Indian Ocean partly due to the effect of the nutrient-rich tropical waters of the Leeuwin current. The Leeuwin current is seldom to flow around the east of Rottnest but it oftentimes pass by its horse opera and south prevailing westerly areas thereby excessively influencing the flora and fauna there.The coastal waters are relatively nutrient-poor and the fisheries are correspondingly different due to the tropical Leeuwin Current, thus we can infer that the current has a very pregnant impact on both the climate and the marine ecosystem of Western Australia. It is also accountable for the availability of tropical marine organisms at the west and south coasts, as a great deal far south than it could be expected. A s a sample, the Leeuwin current was a major contributor to the southern bluefin tuna, the western waver lobster and a number of Australias coastal commercial fisheries.As it was seen by collective investigative reports done by CSIRO and the Fisheries Western Australia that spanned for the departed 30 years, it was confirmed that there was a radio link between ocean circulation and lobster recruitment.During late winter and early spring, the puerulus, or the small rock lobsters, are carried by ocean currents back to the continental shelf and inshore coastal regions. Studies had shown that the settlement of these small rock lobsters were closely related with the changes in the flow strength of the Leeuwin Current, which is also linked with the occurrences of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and westerly winds.It was discovered that puerulus settlement was poor during the El Nino years, when the Leeuwin Current tends to be weak. Also, during the La Nina years, the Current tends to flow more strongly and the rock lobsters settlement was much greater as was measured by satellite sensors. The results simply showed that big counter-clockwise eddies help larvae settle off the south western Australia, instead of existence swept away towards the south.Other species that the WA Fisheries marine biologists were able to link to the strength of the Leeuwin current was that of the pilchards (sardines) on the south coast region near Albany. Also, according to data on fishery, it was seen that there is a negative kin between the great quantities of the twain-year fish with the strength of the Leeuwin Current, measured two years before the fishes spawning period.Another was also the whitebait. According to studies, it was concluded that the stronger the Leeuwin Current was, the greater the relative catch of whitebait will be in the bordering year. The presence of Australian salmon in South Australia was also related to the Leeuwin Current.It was expected that when the Leeuwin Current was flowing strongly and that warmer waters cut through onto the continental shelf, it was also expected that the fish may simply move offshore into deeper cooler waters.ReferencesLeeuwin Current. (n.d.) Retrieved August 14, 2007 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeuwin_Current. A. F. Pearce and B. F. Phillips. (1988). ENSO events, the Leeuwin Current, and larval recruitment of the western rock lobster. Retrieved August 14, 2007 from http//icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/45/1/13

Demand in Life

Life is not just intimately being happy and being able to enjoy what we love to do. We in all begin a lot of amours that we command to get done, but more of us befool absolutely nothing to do with what is truly master(prenominal) in our lives with so many demands on our time. For this reason, it is easy to feel uniform we are losing control in our behavior. Time itself will not qualifying to slow down and demands on our time will not go away too. If we want the situation to be change, it is button to be up to us to change it.Time management is the best tool that we send word use that can will help us to accomplish our demands in feel. There is only one life to be able to set down my lives in my own way. So, I am setting my priorities to achieve my demands in life. Whatever I do in my life is essential to check my life easier. It is important that I can manage to face the disputes that digest it away in my way that will take a huge union of my time such(prenominal) as hobbies, job and family. Generally, many of us permit go some of our interest and hobbies to meet our demands in life.My hobbies help me inflammation my stress. I know that stress can destroy me and it can as well as drain my mental and physical energy. In my case, I am quite an being with my sons baseball practice and games instead of going to the gym and work out. I dont want to look out on any important event in his life. I want to be there to offer and cheer him up. Likewise, I also gave up my hobbyhorse as a dance choreographer to be able to spend part time with my family especially weekend. Furthermore, my job takes lots of my time because I need to make my handmade creations and sell it online.Each and every one of us has different aspect in life. I make decision establish on the situation that demands my priorities. Therefore, I know that demand in life will takes lots of time to reach my goals. For instance, working at inhabitancy as an entrepreneur risks my ti me, but I need to work to support my school and family expenses. Even though the risk is high but I still successfully establish my own business that gives me the opportunity to have full control over it. Finally, how do I fit roles such as a induce, a wife and a friend into my hectic schedule?Since, time is precious for me and theres one life to live, keeping a balance between my career and family can be challenge. As a mother, a wife, a student and a businesswoman takes up a huge amount of time from doing my school obligation. Family demands more financial aid and devotion because they are my priority. I believe that being a mother is the most expensive job in the world. In these instances, support from my family has to be there and understanding. Additionally, when my son is involved, I need to adjust my lives so I can have time to spend quality time with him.As a mother and a wife, it is my responsibility to make sure that they have delicious and healthy meal on the table, cle an clothes to erosion and most of all a happy, clean and relaxing home to stay. Therefore, the biggest challenge that I am facing is how to balance the demands of my hobbies, job and family. I have to make sacrifice in order to achieve my aspirations. In addition, doing the thing I love will have the opportunity to explore immature challenges. It also helps me grow as individuals and learn new things about myself. I believe that my life is a gift and I want to appraise every moment of it to live my life to the fullest.

Animal Cruelty Essay

To bring in aw arness to my audience about puppet cruelty. Introduction As benevolence has grown, there has been an increase in authority and rules and regulations of everyday life. One of these rules is sensual cruelty. Animal cruelty simply means cruel unjustified sermon of animals and some propagation pets to unnecessary harm and pain. One principal type of animal cruelty is torture. It is non ethical, moral, or legal but we mankinds do it..One of the places we see the most animal cruelty is in the funfaires. Animals in circuses argon regularly and dangerously exposed to many abuses and diseases. Circuses do not practice what they preach and indulge in animal cruelty on a regular basis, after the training sessions of the circuses, tight collars, whips beatings and torture are the order of the day for these animals. Elephants are one of the animals that suffer from major diseases in the circuses like tuberculosis and heap infect humans with the bacterial disease. roughly cases show that the elephants were not cured medically for wounds reachd during beatings and other natural causes. Circuses form known to keep a large amount of soil ready, to brood the wounds and the blood on the elephants. Some elephants have also suffered from lameness, arthritis and food abscesses. Elephant deaths in circuses are normally caused due to osteoporosis. Elephants suffer from Osteoporosis simply because they do not have wide spaces to move around. Due to the cruel treatments, it has been proved that circus animals are dying at a higher rate than they are breeding.Circuses teach children that its acceptable to abuse and mistreat animals for amusement another(prenominal) animal cruelty is with dogs, people seem to think that fighting is a dogs nature. Dogs are not the same as humans, but dogs do step physical pain. Just because a dog cant say That hurts doesnt mean they dont feel pain. Dogs also suffer from feelings such as loneliness when left chained. Thats why they howl and bark, to try and get some attention and if they are ignored dogs stops howling, its because hes given up hope.So much cruelty is involved in dogfighting. Dogs are torture to come upon them violent. Kittens and puppies are used as bait to teach dogs to kill. ill-gotten drugs and weapons are usual at dogfights. Fighting dogs usually live on chains their whole lives. Other animal cruelty we see is when they make experiments on animals, like monkeys, mouse, gineapigs etc. Monkeys and others animals do not have like immune systems as humans, and whitethorn not respond to drugs or vaccines in the same way.Animals are often depressed alternatives for humans, and some mixtures that may come up cause no harm to an animal, could seriously harm a human being. Also, a drug that is toxic to the animal it is tested on may have no toxicity, and even healing benefits in humans. Pain and measly still occur, and simply being in captivity can cause great distress to animals, just as it would to a human. We most of the times forget the pain and suffering we are causing to animals, we use them as objects of study, rather than live creatures, and this can mean they are treated as disposable rather than indispensable.

Human resource management- Starbucks case study Essay

Creates purlieu where each employee is encouraged to confound the best doable contribution to the effective working of the organization. Starbucks staff are trained and prompt to create the Starbucks experience for their guests by providing exceptional customer service Promotes efficiency and increased increaseivity among workers through training, guidance and counseling. Starbucks offers a variety of rich training and development of their staff Development of reciprocal respect, dignity and trust between management and workers through employee relation. Enhance employee morale. bear on with utilizing human resources optimallyORGANIZATIONALidentify and recognize the role of HRM for boilersuit organizational effectiveness HRM should not be treated fitting as an end whereas it is only a means to assist the confederation with its principal(a) objectives. In short, HRM dept exists to serve the rest of the organization. The role of HRM should be more strategical in nature COMM UNITYNeeds of the community should be communicate in an ethical and socially responsible manner and care should be taken to minimize the negative impacts of any such demands upon the organization. Starbucks withal has proclaimed their commitment to communities & environment through their mission statement, Contribute positively to our communities and environment. They achieve this by organizing community programs and events at least twice a year these events facilitate donations of funds, contributions for noble causes, and also provide job opportunities. As for their commitment to environment, they play an active role in instilling environmentalresponsibility among their employees. They also strive to use, buy and sell environmentally lucky products. Signifi postceWhy has the disciple of HRM gained importance in recent clock? This is because Organizations has realized the importance of contribution that throng can make to an organization. It has in recent years been identifie d and recognized that human resource is the close to valuable and powerful assets any organization can possess as its people are the most fundamental element in find out the scale of success of any organization to a great consummation and also firms can gain competitive proceeds. HRM helps to channel the needs and competencies to find a lot of talent and capabilities and to make the best out of them. HRM should be aligned and integrated with the Business strategy to be successful.Impact of charitable Resources on Organizational PerformanceSource (Steven H. Bates, 2003)Starbucks has realized in their sign stage itself that People can contribute tremendously to the organization if HRM is administered sagely and strategically and also if they are well make and paid. The reasons why people management should be considered a vital element Service is delivered by people, HRM strategies ensures customer service is excellent, which in turn would terzetto to customer merrimentLess competent HRM leads to unsatisfactory customer service which will lead to poor performance and organizational efficiency knowledge comes from the firms people and they should therefore be skilled and trained well motivated staff is always more productive, enhancing the sales at Starbucks Provides competitive advantage to firms. Services at Starbucks are known to stand out compared to early(a) firms in the same field due to staff commitment to the brand. HRM can make a significant contribution to the competitive advantage of a firm if the firm is capable of tapping thier peoples exceptional skills and spirit Competencies. It is hence understoodthat by developing and maintaining competitive advantage, a company can be successful and remain profitable.HRM stakeholdersThese are the groups affected by business practicescustomers- expect exceptional service or/and better product Employees- expect attractive job and sound compensation shareholders- expect a return on capital investedCom munity- expects activities and projects that minimizes harmful effects to environment STARBUCKS political party ProfileStarbucks is the worlds largest coffeehouse company Starbucks jump store was opened in Seattle on March 30th 1971 by three partners. The firm believes in supplying and religious service the best possible coffee. The name, Starbucks was taken from the novel Moby Dick (Starbucks, 2012).Major accomplishmentsInternational Corporate Achievement Gold Medalist , 2005 Great places to work Institute named Starbucks Top 10 Best Workplaces in the UK, 2007 Awarded Most Ethical Company in europium , 2009 Named twice as Mobile Marketer of the Year, 2010 & 2012 Leadership Style at Starbucks Adopted By Howard Schultz We are not in the coffee business, serving people we are in the people business serving coffee. Howard Schultz, (former) chief operating officer of Starbucks. * Transformational Leadership This style is often considered to be one of the effective styles to drive in business situations. This approach inspires, encourages and motivates people to perform their best and by leading as example. These leaders take initiatives to add value to the organization. * Schultz is also known to adopt engaging employees approach. An engaged employee is completely involved, committed and keen about their work.Roles and Responsibilities1. Strategic PartnerTo align HRM strategies with business strategies. (Noe R. et al,2003) 2. Administrative ingeniousTo design and deliver efficient HRM practices and processes. 3. Employee AdvocateInvolves commitment & contributions of the employees to be managed. disregardless how skilled the workers may be, if they are detached or angry, they will not contribute their efforts to the firms success, nor will they stay long with the firm. 4. stir AgentThis requires HRM to help transform firms to meet the new competitive conditions. In todays rapidly changing competitive world, constant alternate and capacity for change sh ould be demonstrable. (Noe R. et al, 2003) Shift of focus in HRM constituent1. Self-Service Online access to information and transactions relating to HR for employees. 2. Outsourcing The practice of outsourcing HR activities to specialist service providers. Reasons of the above two areto save money and effortsto increase HR operations efficiencyspend more clip on strategic functions and important business issues However, Outsourcing should be carefully considered as lack of understanding may arise regarding the capabilities of the outsourcing provider, Sometimes even bereavement in achieving goals and substandard delivery of services may occur. (T. Starner , 2005 .) Factors Affecting Starbucks HR practicesHR practices are strongly affected by the Internal & immaterial environment of Starbucks.Various beats of HRMHarvard ModelMichigan ModelGuest ModelWarwick ModelThere are various f HR manikins developed by scholars which fall either under the soft or disfranchised perspecti ve to HR. Below are two stupefys that represent one tight and soft approach each1. MICHIGAN/ MATCHING MODELThis dumbfound is the hard approach to HRM where Human resources are matched with the jobs in the organization. This model suggests the HR should be treated just like any other resources by utilizing it to the maximum along with other resources to attain organizational goals.2. HARVARD MODELHarvard model emphasizes on the human element of HRM and employees are given importance just like any other resources and treated as assets rather than costs. This model is based on human relations and their outcomes are committed & motivated employee providing competitive advantage.

Waze-Analytical Proposition

Strategic Value of Information Technology CRM / Analytics Waze- Analytics propose 1. waze currently gathers the following data on its clients GPS data where exploiters are and when, the exertion learns the substance abusers driving tracks in order to give them the best personalized r protrudee to their destination. 2. We propose to add new data regarding users personal characteristics and consumer preferences. Once the system detects that the user has stopped in a peak of interest shop center, gas station etc. a shortstop questionnaire will pop up.This will include 2-4 questions regarding user characteristics and preferences relevant to circumstantial place. In return to answering the questions user will receive points user who gains a certain number of points will receive an e-coupon as an bonus to cooperate. For example User stop at a specialized shopping center and following questionnaire pops up 1. Gender Female / Male 2. historic period group 18-22 / 23-30 / 30-40 / 40-50 / over 50 3. What stores do you plan to shop at? A list of participating stores in the shopping center 4. A specific question regarding one of the stores chosen by user in Q3.The final lists of questions will, of course, be devised by our marketing specialists. 3. To subscribeher with current user data regarding time and place the additional demographic data and consumer preferences quiet provide businesses with a unique set of valuable marketing information. Waze can collect the information and sell it to different businesses which will analyze it for their specific need. An example of how this data can be useful Paz and their Yellow thingummy stores might take root to purchase consumer data from waze.Then they might find out that at a certain mend between 2 to 4 PM a large amount of mothers of young children consistently stops at the competing Delek gas station across the street. Then Paz will decide to advertise via waze a diapers sale at Yellow at this location du ring these hours, thus attracting the mothers to fill their tanks at Paz and shop at Yellow. This dash waze wins twice first it gets paid for the data that they collect and then they get paid again for the focused advertising through their application.

Multiple Regression Analysis

Multiple regression compend was used to measure the family consanguinity surrounded by the m unmatchabletary value of justness pileus and the independent and control variables. It was anchor that the personify of equity cap is relatively lower when the index of CSR revealing is higher, reason organism immense CSR gistuation minimizes the ecumenic risk of a company.It was concluded that CSR manifestation in the companys yearly reports reduces the appeal of uppercase by reducing reading imbalance and later on reducing companys risk which benefits both the investors and speculators. According to Baimukhamedova and Luchaninova (2017) who examined the relationship amongst corporate revelation and cost of equity capital on a specimen of 37 largest and most liquid loadeds listed at Kazakhstan Stock flip for spot 2008 to 2014, the instruction used multiple linear regression models.The findings indicated that firms with higher take of fiscal transp arency are ass ociated with pregnantly lower cost of equity capital. The results maken that firm on the Kazakhstan market reduce their cost of equity capital by increasing the level of their unpaid corporate disclosure.Moreover Stanwick (1998) analyse the relationship between corporate disclosure and organizational size of it, financial performance and environmental performance. The objective of the issue was to examine the relationship between genial performance of the organization and the environmental performance of the organization.Data was collected from 1987 to 1992 and descriptive design was used. Corporate reputation index was constructed. The findings were that social performance was thusly dissembleed by the size of the firm, the financial performance of the firm and bar of pollution emissions released by the firms.2.3.3 Corporate Social ResponsibilityVoluntary manifestation and the Cost of Equity CapitalA analyse by Hossain and Hammami (2009) purported that financial result s released are the inception of an organizations budget and performances. The outline involves comparing a firms performance with that of the others firms in the resembling industry and evaluating trends over time.Financial analysis involves the use of simple numeric techniques, an chthonianstanding and appreciation of business strategy and future prospects through and inquiry of financial statements. Financial ratios play a key intention in financial management. The extent to which a firms uses debt financing is what is called financial leverage.Also Botosan and Plumlee (2002) go overd the relationship between cost of capital and annual reports disclosure, timely disclosure (quarterly or other published reports) and investors relations disclosures, they found a negative standstill for the annual report disclosure, their research showed that the cost of capital is positively associate to timely reporting actions which could be attributed to the fact that timely disclosur e subjoin the volatility of the share price by attracting transient investors who trade aggressively on short term earning , however they did not find connectedness between cost of equity financing and investor relations disclosures.In evaluating the relationship between information asymmetry and financing methods (debt and equity financing) of firms listed on the capital of Iran Stock Exchange from year 2003 to 2010, Mahdi, Vahab and Hamin (2015), found that thither no pregnant relationship between information and debt financing though information asymmetry is positively associated with debt financing, however there was a significant positive relationship between information asymmetry and equity financing.The study was make employ secondary entropyset of 61 firms were explored where debt and equity financing methods were adopted where info was extracted from financial statements of take firms and was analyzed in excel and stata. The result of the study showed. In this stu dy used stata and excel.Another study by Mangena, Jing and Tauringana (2016) investigated whether Intellectual capital and financial disclosure jointly affect the firms cost of capital for one hundred twenty-five UK firms listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) understanding firms across industries from March 2004 to February 2015, data for measuring disclosure are drawn from annual reports. They used descriptive approach as their study methodological analysis.The study found that IC disclosure is negatively related to to the cost of equity, the relationship between financial disclosure and the cost of equity capital is magnified when combined with the IC disclosures. It was similarly observed that IC and financial disclosure interacts on the effects of the cost of equity capital, the analysis of this interactions demonstrates that the effect of financial disclosure on the cost of equity capital is augmented for firm characterized by medium level of IC disclosure.Used stataIn their study, Francis, Nanda and Olsson, (2002) investigated the relation among leave behindful disclosure, earning timberland and cost of capital. The study was done in Chicago, USA on 677 firms annual reports and 10-K filings in the financial year 2001 using self constructed index of coded items.It was noted that firms with good earning look have more expansive voluntary disclosure than firms with poor earning quality, on unconditional tastes, it was found that more voluntary disclosure is associated with lost cost of capital, however on complementary companionship between disclosure and earning quality it was noted that the disclosure effect on the cost of capital is considerably reduced or disappear completely.Additionally, Cerf (1961) investigated the relationship between voluntary disclosure of information and the level of profitability, size of the firm and its shareholders in the US market. The methodology used was descriptive approach which focused on analyzing the a ssociation between voluntary disclosure of information and the level of profitability on annual reports of 25 different companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange, he found a positive relationship between voluntary disclosure of information and the level of profitability, size of the firm and its shareholders.2.3.4 Board SizeInformation voluntary disclosure and Cost of Equity CapitalIn examining the effect of board independence and voluntary disclosure on the cost of equity capital, Setiany et al. (2007) showed that there is a significant relationship between voluntary disclosure and firms cost of equity capital.The study employed regression analysis on secondary data from companies listed in indonesian Stock Exchange during the period of 2009 to 2012 on a hear of 104 companies in the manufacturing sector. The study concluded that there is no relationship between board independence and cost of equity capital, however the results.However Khemakhem and Naciri (2015) examined the association between board and audit diagnostics and the cost of equity capital in Canadian market. The methodology used descriptive statistics on a sample of 139 firm year observation from proxy circulars, proxy statements and annual reports of Canadian companies that were part of S/P & TSX for the period 2004 to 2006.The study found that the size of audit committee and non- duality of the chairman of the board are positively related to the cost of equity capital, also the study revealed that the independence and board size do not affect the cost of capital for firms in the sample. Fauzi and Locke (2012) investigated the role of board social social structure and the effect of ownership structure on firm performance of New Zealand listed firms.The study employed balanced panel methodology on 79 New Zealand listed firms, it also employed Generalized elongate Model (GLM) to analysis data from annual reports of listed firms for the period of 2007 to 2011.the results of the study sh ow that the board of directors, board committee and managerial ownership have a positive and significant impact on the firm performance.While Hasan et al. (2009) examined the impact of ownership structure and corporate governance on capital structure using a sample of 58 randomly selected non-financial listed companies from Karachi Stock Exchange for the period 2002 to 2005. Data was analyzed using multivariate regression analysis under fixed model approach.The results show that board size is significantly related to capital structure. However, non executive directors on board and CEO/ check duality have no significant relationship with capital structure. Similarly, Jaradat (2015) investigate the effect of board size, board gender, orthogonal director and CEO duality on the capital structure in Jordanian firms.Observation was done on 129 firms for the period 2009 to 2013. Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the association of secondary data collected from yearly annu al reports. The results showed a positive association between board size, board diversity and outside directors and the capital structure, however for CEO duality and capital structure there was no significant relationship.2.4 Conceptual frameworkThis section volition turn to with operationalization of variables of the study, measures of voluntary disclosure and measure of the cost of equity capital. Independent variables pendent Variables VariableIn this study the dependent variable is the cost of equity capital bit the independent variables also referred as voluntary disclosure are the general corporate and strategic disclosure, forward-looking disclosure, social and board disclosure and financial disclosure (Barako, 2007)CHAPTER THREERESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1 IntroductionThis chapter discusses the methods and procedures to employ to grapple the study. This chapter presents details of the research design, population, sampling and sampling procedures data order of battle method s, data analysis technique data and instruments for data analysis.3.2 research DesignResearch design is the framework the research intends to travel along.It describes the nature and pattern the research intends to follow (Makerere University, 2011). Ogula (2005) describe a research design as a plan, structure and strategy of investigation to obtain answers to research questions and control variance. This study testament adopt descriptive research design as it describe the characteristic and association voluntary disclosure and cost of equity capital of firms listed at NSE.Based on the secondary data to be obtained from annual reports and accounts of companies quoted in the NSE and company website. The choice of descriptive is motivated by the fact that it involves group data, observing and describing the behavior of the data without influencing it in any way (Bryman, 2001).This will be appropriate in the study since it will establish the effect of voluntary disclosure on the co st of equity capital.3.3 Target existenceMugenda and Mugenda (2009) define a population as sum of all the items considered under a study. According to Ngechu (2004) a population is a well defined set of people, services, elements events or households that are being investigated.The target population for this study will consist of 64 firms listed in NSE (CMA, 2017), however consideration will only be on those which have been continuously trading since 2011 without being suspension or delisting3.4 Sample Size and Sampling ProcedureA sample is sub-group of the target population chosen by the researcher to represent other members of the target population (Amin, 2004).Sampling is the process, technique and procedure of choosing a sub-group from a population to participate in the study. Oso and Onen, 2009) stated that there are two main ways of selecting study sample from the target population, hazard and non-probability sampling technique.The study will apply nonrandom sampling techn ique to select companies to be included in the study. Kothari (2004) stated that in purposive sampling technique an element is selected though subjectively defined method where the researcher personal judgments play an important role. An optimum sample is one which fulfils the requirements of efficiency, representativeness, reliability and flexibility.The study will comprise of a sample of 20 firms from NSE 20 share index selected based on a charge market performance in the year 2017 (NSE, 2017).3.5 Instrumentation and Data accrualCreswell (2008) argues prior to research, a researcher ought to develop a data appeal instruments which is meant to measure, observe data under investigation. The study will use manifestation Check Index (DCI) as the principal instrument for data collection of voluntary disclosure information. According to Mugenda and Mugenda (2009),

Effects of Globalization in Oman Essay

Many naked international features ar appeared in the ground nowadays. Globalization, which is The trend toward that increases connectedness across international borders, as Frisch, M. (2002, P. 2) claims, is one of these features. It effectuate negatively on the amicable, economical and politic sides in Oman. To start with, the social side in Oman is affected negatively by the globalization. While communicating with mass from all over the world, Omani people lose their identities. For instance, they kind their customs and behaviours by imitating people from different cultures and acting desire them and accord to their strange religious ideas.Furthermore, globalization effects on Omani economic side badly. Statistics shows that Omani economy is in reduce in the factory farm and fishing parts. That happens because of the globalization which let people leave their simple jobs like fishing and farming and go to work in factories which are construct by the big countries in the world that appear the globalization. Therefore, the vegetables and fish are reduced in Oman. Finally, politic side in Oman is affected negatively by the globalization.His Majesty (2002, P. ) said to people that did not let that new movement, globalization, to effect on their personalities because when it happened, it would be easy for the enemies to control their country. In some other word, because of the imitation, people become useless and the country becomes which makes it easy to fall in the enemies hands. In conclusion, the effects of globalization in Oman are appeared in 3 sides, in the social, economic and in the politic side. By communicating with people from different countries, imitating and behaving like them, Omani people lose their identity and this leads ulterior on to the weakness of the Omani society.

Christian Respose to Islam

Christianity and Islam atomic number 18 two of the nigh significant religions crimece their creation. Islam means submission in Arabic, and a Muslim is unity who submits to the exit of perfection (Allah). Christians atomic number 18 c ei on that pointd so because of delivery boy title Christos, which is classic for Messiah. Christianity and Islam atomic number 18 akin in a lot ways, but likewise have quite a few variances in beliefs, practices, and basic theology. They in addition outflow separate meanings to step upsiders as to what their religions stand for. Both religions argon mo nonheistic with a holy text and they both endeavor to conquer evil.Islam has a set of rules (5 Pillars of Islam) set forth to reach enlightenment while Christians repent, necessitate Jesus Christ as their shaper and Savior, and then are forgiven for their sins. A lot of the great unwashed in todays world intrust that Islam and Christianity are very similar with precisely a few cle ar-sighted differences, but this paper exit discuss some of the big difference regarding the belief in on matinee idol, the view on oracles and the view on the Day of ideal. To begin, lets compare the Islamic view on the belief in superstar deity.The graduation and superlative teaching of Islam is proclaimed by the Shahada, which states, La llaha illa-l-lah, Muhammandun rasulu-l-lah. (thither is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the apostle of Allah) (Robinson). After a mortal sincerely makes this confession than they become a real Muslim. Muslims believe that Allah is one, and has no partners, no equals. The ledger states, And cry not unto any other god along with Allah. There is no god save Him. ( calfskin 2888). This logical argument in the Quran makes a clear claim that Muslims believe that Allah is supreme, that he created and maintains the world.In Islam it is also very clear that Allah has no son, no father, no relative and no associates. The Muslim prophet Muham mad is reported to have indite shoot down 99 c every to try and express the attributes of Allah. Some of these that Muhammad wrote down is that Allah is merciful, that he is exclusively-powerful (omnipotent), all- chouseing (omniscient) and that he is eternal (no beginning and no end) (Robinson). The Christian response to this claim by Muslims is that there is provided one righteous and transcendent creator deity.In the Old Testament Moses states, The Lord our God is one Lord and you shall the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might. (Deuteronomy 64). This passage makes it clear that God is there is only one God who wants us to love him totally with all our being. at a time again in the New Testament Jesus Christ himself states, 29 The most important one, answered Jesus, is this Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one. 30 live the Lord our God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all y our strength. (Mark 12 29-30). The problem between Christians and Muslims is not the item that there is only one God, but the view of the trinity.Christians believe that there is God the Father, God the give-and-take (Jesus) and God the holy Spirit. These three persons are complete in unity of ordain, purpose, action and love, yet cannot be confused even though they have different functions. The script sings of God, the Father, who as the co- Creator, blesses acclaim be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in the heavenly realms with every spiritual blessing in Christ. (Ephesians 1 3), initiates and sends Now this is eternal life that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have direct. (John 17 3).And finally God sent the Holy Spirit, who is resident deep down a Christian, to guide, instruct and empower them. 16 And I leave ask the Father, and he provide give you another pleader to be with you forever 17 the Spiri t of truth. The world cannot accept him, because it incomplete sees him nor knows him. But you know him, for he lives with you and will be in you. (John 1416-17) It is important that God as Father not be viewed within a biological context. Christians share with Muslims the prohibition against conceiving of God in the constellation of an image.God as Father refers, rather, to a relationship between God and man. Christians accept all the 99 names of God, which Muslims repeat in approbation to God. Even the name Allah is affirmed by Christians as one of the names of God, the same Arabic name that the Prophet Abraham used in Hebrew as El or Elohim. Secondly, lets compare the Islamic belief slightly the prophets to that of the Christian belief.Islam makes a distinction between a messenger (rasul) who is sent with a Divine Scripture to guide and reform mankind, and a prophet (al nabbi) who simply carries information or proclaims Allahs news. Therefore, though all messengers are prop hets, not all prophets are messengers. The number of Allahs prophecy is said to be 124,000, yet the Quran mentions only 25 prophets. Some of these prophets are rapture who is the first, Abraham, Jacob, Ishmael, Isaac, David, Solomon, John the Baptist, Jesus and also Muhammad, who is said to be the final and greatest prophet.And verily, we have swotd in every nation a Messenger, saying, serve Allah alone and shun false gods in any form. Then Allah maneuver some of the citizenry. And error took hold of others. Do recede lessons from history as you travel in the earth, and see the consequence of the deniers. (Sura 1636) According to the Sura Allah raised up these prophets, among every nation, to provide mankind with firm and formative guidance, so that they could walk the straight path of Allah, could live happily in this world, and could be prepared for life after terminal.Allah promises to protect his prophets from serious sin, noxious disease and death. Muslims use this b elief to deny that Jesus, who they believe was adept a prophet, did not die on the cross because as stated supra prophets cannot be killed. The Christian response about prophets is that God appointed prophets and others to speak to mankind about his word, and his story of redemptive acts in history. Christians believe that God revealed the interpretation of his acts to the prophets who then passed it on to man by preaching, teaching and piece of music it down.Even though Muslims and Christians have quite a few people that both agree were prophets Muslims do not believe that Isaiah, Jonah, Daniel, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Peter, Paul and Jesus were prophets (Robinson) Prophets within Christianity came from different classes of society, some rich, others poor, young and old some scholars, and others with olive-sized education. Not all wrote books (Elijah, John the Baptist), but they all heard Gods word, all through angels, by means of visions, by Gods voice, or by receiving the message in their minds and hearts.Also contrasting Islam we know that prophets were not sinless, but just normal believers whose sins were forgiven by God. The prophets most important message was that since there are none who could obey the law fully, they remained still in sin, and so be death. Yet, those living with sin need not despair, because God had promised to take upon himself the misdeed of their sins, by incarnating himself and dying on the cross, thus taking upon himself that penalty, and so release him to forgive them from those sins, which then brought them back into a personal relationship with him. (Rahim et al).When a Christian tries to evaluate to see whether or not Muhammad was a prophet, they must(prenominal) try to see him in light of the total Biblical regain ending with Jesus and displaying these three criteria. One that he fully accepts the reason Scriptures, two that he points to the central significance of Jesus as saviour and three that his life and teachings exemplify suffering redemptive love. Based on these three criteria, which are shown through the life of Jesus, Muhammad is not at all a prophet.Thirdly, lets view the Islamic view on the Day of Judgment (Death) and the Christian response to what they believe. To begin we must first find out what a Muslim believes about sin. To a Muslim sin is a private matter, which is not binding from one generation to the next. This is so because the Tempter is the root of all sin and Allah being all merciful, forgives those who ask. There is only one sin that the Muslims believe is so bragging(a) that it is deemed unforgivable, that of shirk, which is the practice of associating anyone or anything with Allah.Going by this logic the sin of exaltation and Eve was not really their fault at all because Satan tricked them, and they asked for lenience. Furthermore, their sin was not hereditary/ passed down to their children. Also because the sin committed by Adam was not his fault and he repented, Allah made him earths first messenger. (Nazir-Ali 142-144) For the Muslim, salvation is attained not by faith, but by works, in observing the Five Pillars of Islamic practice, as well as avoiding the major and minor sins.Tradition indicates that on the Judgment Day, once the person is buried, the two recording angels appear, and the dead person sits up to undergo an examination. If he says the Shahada (There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the apostle of Allah), he lies down peacefully and awaits his judgment. If he refuses the Shahada, he is severely beaten for as long as Allah pleases. once the individual is awakened for judgment a scale is presented, which weighs the good and bad deeds of the person taken from their book of destiny.Ultimately Allah makes the decision as to whether someone should be received into paradise or not. If Allah places the individuals book in his right hand then that person is salve and crosses a razor sharp bridge to paradise, which h olds a perfumed garden of material and sensual delights, surrounded by rivers and flowing fountains, populated with black-eyed virgins, who are there to serve them with all variety of fruits (Nazir-Ali 145). On the other hand, a vivid hell (Gahenna) awaits those who fail the test.This hell is described in the Quran as a place consisting of boiling water, gore and fire it is a hell of extreme physical pain (Nazir-Ali 145). Christians view of sin/death is drastically different that of Islam. A Christian believes that any sin is an wickedness to God, because it is, in essence, a rejection of His character. Christians believe, as Muslims believe, that Satan does tempt us. Yet, Christians are obligated for their own sins, and not Satan. Christians believe that they have the choice to reject Satans tempting.But, The Bible insists throughout, that the wages of sin is death, and since we are all guilty, therefore, we all deserve death. God, however, in His mercy, has not left us in that g uilt, but has offered payment and forgiveness for those who receive it. He has sent His Son (Jesus Christ) to die in our place, to take upon himself our guilt. Therefore, those who believe in His redeeming death on the cross, and repent of their sins, are saved from eternal separation (John 316-17), while those who reject Him will be eternally condemned. Before His ascension into heaven, Christ promised to return a second time to judge the world.When He returns, He will raise all the dead to life, and will separate those who believe from those who reject, as a shepherd divides the sheep from the goats. Those rejecting Christ will live in eternal punishment, in total isolation from God because, in rejecting Gods Son, they have rejected God the Father and God the Holy Spirit as well, and no sin is greater than this. 22 Who is the liar? It is the man who denies that Jesus is the Christ. Such a man is the antichristhe denies the Father and the Son. 23 No one who denies the Son has the F ather whoever acknowledges the Son has the Father also. (1 John 222-23). Those who have authentically believed in Christ the redeemer, will not fear Christ on Judgment Day, and will have eternal life.This does not mean that they will go into a garden full of carnal pleasures, which, as we know in this life, separates us from God, but they will go into the presence of God Himself, to live forever with Him in love and in joy. For, as it says in The Bible, 3 And I heard a loud voice from the deal saying, Now the dwelling of God is with men, and he will live with them. They will be his people, and God himself will be with them and be their God. He will wipe every tear from their eyes. There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the old order of things has passed away. 5 He who was seated on the derriere said, I am making everything new Then he said, release this down, for these words are trustworthy and true. 6He said to me It is done. I am the Alpha and the O mega, the Beginning and the End. To him who is thirsty I will give to drink without cost from the spring of the water of life. 7 He who everywherecomes will inherit all this, and I will be his God and he will be my son. (Revelation 21 3-7). To summarize, even though Islam and Christianity both are monotheistic, both have a holy text and both strive to overcome death/evil there are big shrill differences. Hopefully the above paper achieved its aim in informing people of the differences regarding the belief in on God, the view on prophets and the view on the Day of Judgment. All in all those that believe that these religions are similar and basically the same thing are incorrect and should stop skipping over/ignoring the discrepancies between the religions.

Kellogg Case Study Essay

soft look for establishes a conversation with consumers. It prompts consumer reaction to, for example, a sore(a) result desire and helps researchers understand what they think of it, how it makes them feel, why they find it interesting or not. Qualitative research may be obtained through focus groups, where amoderator catch up withs feedback from a group of six or sevenconsumers to the ideas shown to them. Those ideas may contactthe format of drawings or having new forage prototypes to examine. Quantitative research may usance questionnaires administered to large numbers of respondents. This allows statistical analysis, such as the calculation of a mean score or percentages. It aims to give a voice point of what consumers think of a new harvest-tide idea or a new (real) forage. It may involve the practise of surmounts, so numbers keep up associated with a particular meaning forexample, on a evaluation scale of 1 to 7, where 1 kernel very poor and 7 means excellen t. Crucially those numbers need to be interpreted to enable the business to understand theconsumers overall response.In addition, Kelloggs employ second gearary research which is existing research that has already been collected by other organisations. Sources of secondary data include books, journals, the internet and government statistics. commercialize research agencies collect a range of data which they process and use to provide organisations like Kelloggs with research. The benefits of secondary research be that it is faster and often less expensive than primary, although it may not always be acquitly related to the needs of a specific project. Information assembly discovery to selectionFor Kelloggs, the instal in which the information is gathered is as important as the type of information being gathered. In order to develop the new Crunchy clump Bites, Kelloggs undertook four distinct acts of research. wooden leg 1 DiscoveryInitial research aimed to identify a stri a of new food ideas that would besuitable for developing a new Crunchy eggs reaping.Secondary research from Mintel and Datamonitor was employ tofind forth virtually innovation trends in the cereal market. It was also used to find disclose about new products, flavours and foods from around the world. Food developers at Kelloggs used thisinformation to come up with a number of new food ideas.Focus groups were used to provide qualitative research. These were used to show consumers the new food ideas in the form of a number of different (real) food prototypes, including a mini crispy lattice product and a sappy triangle. The focus groups captured the attitudes and feelings of consumers towards the new foods. This primary research helped Kelloggs to find out how new product suggestions could be developed and still fit in with the Crunchy crank brand. It helped Kelloggs to establish what consumers were looking for in terms of electric potential new flavours and textures.The resul ts allowed Kelloggs to discard some ideas. Other ideas were appealing for consumers exclusively needed refining and further development. At the end of this stage, Kelloggs had a number of new food ideas that all seemed to appeal to consumers. confront 2 Selecting the best ideaThis stage aimed to select the best idea arising from the stage 1 research. Kelloggs put the ideas from the focus group on boards. The boards had pictures video display product ideas and a description of what the new product would be like. These boards were whence shown to a large group of representative consumers in a quantifiable survey. They were asked to rate those ideas against a number of scales, so Kelloggs could identify which product ideas consumers desire best or disliked.The quantitative data created specific statistical information that indicated that a new Crunchy Nut Bites idea was perceived as the most appealing amongst all the ideas time-tested. It established what proportion of people like d the new product idea enough to buy it. It also identify those product ideas that had the best or least sales potential.Information conclave development to launchStage 3 Crafting the idea into a complete new product at a time the best idea had been selected from stage 2, Kelloggs needed to make this idea become a real product. The CrunchyNut Bites food prototype recipe was refined using the feedback from another qualitative and quantitative survey.The qualitative research helped Kelloggs food technologists to explore the taste and texture of the new food idea in to a greater extent detail. Kelloggs needed to understand the eating experience of the consumer before a conclusion could be made about how to develop the recipe in more detail. Following this stage, four product recipes were developed and these prototypes were then tested with representative groups of consumers in a quantitative survey tosee which product consumers preferred. This enabled Kelloggs to select the best wi zard.Also, at this stage, the pack normal for the new Crunchy Nut Bites was developed. Several designs were developed aimed at giving the new product the similar look and feel as the rest of theCrunchy Nut family. The packaging designs were tested withconsumers, which enabled Kelloggs to select the final packaging design for Crunchy Nut BitesStage 4 Forecasting sales for the new Crunchy Nut BitesAt Kelloggs, both product has to undergo one final test prior to a new product launch. This is called the In Home Usage Test. The consumers are given the product to try for several days and this enables Kelloggs to capture how consumers interact with the product for the first time. At the end of the trial, consumers complete a report on what they thought of the food in the form of a questionnaire. This final survey measures how appealing the new product is to consumers and how likely they would be to buy it in real life.The data collected also helped to suppose a sales account for the n ew product for the first and second year in market. The forecast was used by the finance discussion section to set budgets, organise the supply chain and to schedule food production. Once the datawas analysed and the product concept tested, Kelloggs was able to make the strategical decision to go ahead with the new product. Production could then take place.ConclusionKelloggs used market research throughout the firm development process for a new product for the Crunchy Nut range, from the initial idea to the planning of production and delivery. During the earlier stages of research, consumer responses helped Kelloggs to explore very much of different ideas in an open way. It then crafted some ideas in more detail and screened those ideas with consumers to select the one which seemed to have the highest appeal.The idea became real by testing several recipes, refining the food prototype selected and developing the design for packaging.Once the food and packaging elements for the ne w product had been developed, the whole product was tested with consumers to ensure it met their needs. The data also provided a sales forecast to predict the first two years of sales of Crunchy Nut Bites. Crunchy Nut Bites has extended the Crunchy Nut family of products. In doing so it has brought new consumers to the brand and change magnitude its consumption. Kelloggs launched Crunchy Nut Bites in September 2008. Sales data shows it was one of the bestperforming brands to launch in the breakfast cereal kinfolk with a sales value of 6.9 million in its first effective year of sales.* This illustrates that the detailed market research undertaken during the planning stages was valuable. It helped to ensure that the product extension hit the spot with consumers straight away.

Chicken Wings

Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Canada. When left untreated, it send away lead to ineffable physiological problems and sterility defects. Despite being in decline for many a nonher(prenominal) years, order of chlamydia infection hold back risen steadily since 1997. These rising rates show that people are not using safer sex methods on a consistent basis. This STI is transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and can also be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth.Chlamydia exists as 1 of many issues concerning safe sex across Canada. In terms of unshielded or unsafe sex, it is important for people to test for Chlamydia. It is known as the silent disease, beca aim more than 50 per centum of infected males and 70 percent of infected females have no symptoms and are unaware of their condition. Physiological effects usually begin to appear two to six weeks after infection, merely it can take longer. If the STI is le ft untreated, beginning symptoms include Women Men -A vaginal discharge-A discharge from the penis A burning sense experience when urinating-A burning sensation when urinating -Vaginal bleeding between periods or after intercourse-Pain and/or swelling in the testicles -Pain in the lower abdomen-Pain in the lower abdomen If the STI is still not treated after initial symptoms, long-term effects for both sexes whitethorn include Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), which is irritated skin in the pelvic region, and also a decrease in fertility rates. redden without symptoms, however, chlamydia can be transmitted and can lead to serious health problems and sterility, especially in women.Anyone at risk should therefore be time-tested. live on Services Health Canadas Sexual Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections incision provides field of study leadership and coordination through programs that develop and support surveillance and targeted question studies. Working with provincia l and territorial governments, non-governmental organizations and health business organisation providers, the Section develops evidence-based national standards and policies, promotes the exchange of information and engages in prevention and promotion activities.Additional Info Minimizing RiskFollowing these suggestions whitethorn help you to protect yourself from contracting chlamydia Learn about safer sex methods. direct informed decisions. Talk to your partner(s) about their STI status and the use of protection. Correct use of condoms reduces the risk of acquiring chlamydia and other STIs. Get tested for chlamydia if you are sexually active. If you are diagnosed and treated for chlamydia, be sure to follow your health care providers treatment and follow-up recommendations.If infected, you should abstain from sex until both you and your sexual partner(s) have completed your antibiotic treatment. You can easily be reinfected if your partner is not treated as well. It is important that you or someone from your public health department notify any of your sexual partners who may have been put option at risk of infection. They will also need to be tested and possibly treated.

Mexico vs. Us vs. Ifrs

pwc. com/mx/ifrs Ifederal official, US generally accepted invoice principles and Mexi apprize federal official similarities and differences* The sum-up A comparison of Ifederal official, US generally accepted invoice principles and Mexican federal official pwc. com/mx/ifrs Pricewaterho rehearseCoopers Mexico Mariano Escobedo 573, Col. Rin short del Bosque. C. P. 11580, Mexico, D. F. Tel. 5263 6000 Fax 5263 6010 2009 PricewaterhouseCoopers. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers Mexico, the ne bothrk of member firms of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity. *connected thinking is a trademark of PricewaterhouseCoopers. connectedthinking A approximate look A sampling of differences This publication is designed to alert companies to the mountain range of accounting system changes that Ifederal official conversion will bring and to stimulate executive thinking and preparation. Wi th that in mind, the body of the publication provides an overview of any(prenominal)(prenominal) differences between Ifederal official, US generally accepted accounting principles and Mexican federal official(1). The differences with US GAAP included argon find outed relevant because well-nighwhat Mexican entities may have had identify the differences between Mexican federal official and US GAAP for example for a listing in the US and might find reformatory this root.This fragment provides a out force of some of the similarities and differences discussed in to a greater conclusion detail on the complete publication. No summary publication can do justice to the many differences of detail that follow between US GAAP, Ifederal official and Mexican federal official. Even if the counselling is similar, there can be differences in the critical application, which could have a material touch on the fiscal statements. In this publication, we have foc employ on the specimen s imilarities and differences most commonly found in practice.When applying the individualist accounting manikins, readers must(prenominal) consult all the relevant accounting archetypes and, where applicable, their national law. Listed companies must in like manner follow relevant securities regulations and local stock exchange listing rules. (1) Mexican Financial inform touchstones Mexican federal official. The references included herein ar identified envisioning the modernistic counsel stiff from January 1, 2009 1 R horizontalue recognition Broad- base differences in the accounting for the provision of services (US GAAP generally prohibits the approach necessitate by IFRS) may touch the clock of revenue recognition.Differences involving the separation of sixfold deliverable arrangements into contri moreoverions, and the allocation of consideration between those comp unitynts, may impact the timing of revenue recognition. Where differences exist, revenue may be rec ognised earlier to a lower place IFRS and Mexican FRS(1). The guidance in IFRS with respect to how customer loyalty programs ar treated may drive substantive differences. The incremental apostrophize seat that is permitted under US GAAP is not accepted under IFRS and Mexican FRS(1). 1) Mexican FRS requires quest the IFRS guidance for revenue recognition as there is no specific tired in accordance with the framework except for construction contracts where specific literature exists under Mexican FRS. When handing overing to IFRS, the accounting policy should be revisited. Expense recognitionsh ar- found payments Companies that issue awards that vest ratably over epoch (e. g. , 25% per year over a four-year period) may encounter quicken expense recognition as closely as a varied total rate to be expensed, for a wedded award, under IFRS and Mexican FRS (2).Income tax expense (benefit) related to sh are-based payments may be more variable under IFRS. There are differences as to when an award is sort as a obligation or as a component of lawfulness. Those differences can have profound consequences, since awards classified as liabilities require ongoing valuation adjustments by means of wampum each reporting period, leading to greater earnings volatility. (2) For Mexican FRS, the IFRS guidance for share based payments was followed until December 31, 2008, as there was no specific banal issued in accordance with the framework.The newly guidance applicable from 2009 is similar to IFRS. However, careful consideration should be given on the application of the new Mexican guidance as differences could come out in practice. Expense recognitionemployee benefits Under IFRS, companies may elect to account for actuarial gains/losses in a manner much(prenominal) that the gains/losses are permanently excluded from the primary statement of operations. Differing restrictions over how summations are treasured for the purposes of find expected returns on p lan summations exist under IFRS.IFRS allows for the separation of accepted components of net pension be whereas US GAAP and Mexican FRS do not. The interest cost and return on assets components of pension cost may be reported as part of financing costs within the statement of operations under IFRS as opposed to operational income under US GAAP and Mexican FRS. Assets non monetary assets Differences in the asset impairment testing model may solution in assets existence impaired earlier under IFRS and Mexican FRS. However, there are accepted(a) differences on the impairment testing under the iii frameworks.The broad based requirement to capitalize development costs under IFRS and Mexican FRS (when certain criteria are met) creates the potential for differences compared with US GAAP, wherein development costs are generally expensed as incurred. IFRS prohibits (whereas US GAAP and Mexican FRS permit) the use of the lastin, first-out inventory-costing orderology. In addition, M exican FRS accepts the inventory costing excluding the fixed knock costs. IFRS and Mexican FRS do not have bright line testing criteria for the classification of leases (i. e. in operation(p) or finance (capital) leases). In addition, the three frameworks achieving trade wind/leaseback accounting and earlier gain recognition under sale/leaseback accounting are more frequent when reporting under Mexican FRS. 2 Assets financial assets Many financing arrangements, such as asset securitizations, that achieved off balance sheet discourse (i. e. , derecognition) under US GAAP will require effective or partial-balance sheet recognition under IFRS. Under Mexican FRS the requirements are very similar to IFRS but in practice the derecognition treatment could be achieved. enthronisations in unlisted beauteousness securities generally need to be put down at jolly set under IFRS, whereas under US GAAP they are generally put down at cost (except for certain industries that apply a fai r value model). For Mexican FRS purposes, long-term enthronements in righteousness instruments where there is no control, significant set or joint control are put down at cost. Differences in the treatment of changes in estimates associated with certain financial assets carried at amortized cost may affect asset carrying values and reported earnings differently under the three accounting frameworks.Liabilitiestaxes There are differences in the recognition and cadencement criteria of uncertain tax positions (i. e. , income tax contingencies) under IFRS, US GAAP and Mexican FRS. The physical location of inventory that has moved hatch border within a amalgamated group can impact tax expense differently under the three frameworks. Deferred taxes on interior(a) profits are determined by reference to the buyers tax rate under IFRS. When reporting under US GAAP, any income tax effects resulting from intragroup profits are deferred at the traffickers tax rate. Mexican FRS is silent on this respect.Differences in the treatment of subsequent changes to certain previously established deferred taxes could result in less volatility in the statement of operations under IFRS and Mexican FRS. Liabilities-other Differences within the accounting for provisions, including differing thresholds as to when provisions are to be established, may lead to earlier recognition of expense under Mexican FRS. proper(postnominal) communication to employees regarding the details of a restructuring plan is not mandatory earlier the recognition of a provision under IFRS and Mexican FRS (which could accelerate the timing of expense recognition).Financial liabilities and rectitude Generally, warrants issued in the US can be net share settled and, hence, are classified as equity under US GAAP. Warrants of that nature would, under IFRS and Mexican FRS, be considered derivative instrument instruments and would be marked to market through earnings. More instruments are belike to be cla ssified as liabilities, as opposed to equity, under IFRS and Mexican FRS (e. g. , instruments with contingent village provisions). Because balance sheet classification drives the treatment of disbursements associated with the instruments in question, the classification differences would excessively impact earnings (i. . , the treatment of disbursements as interest expense as opposed to dividends). However, there are certain differences between IFRS and Mexican FRS. More instruments are likely to require bifurcation, resulting in treatment as two separate instruments under IFRS and Mexican FRS (i. e. , compound and convertible instruments creation split between equity and liability classification). The split accounting under IFRS and Mexican FRS versus the singular accounting under US GAAP can create a importantly different balance sheet video display while also impacting earnings.In addition, the result under Mexican FRS and under IFRS could be different even if in both moorings the split accounting is achieved. 3 Derivatives and hedging time the hedging models under IFRS, US GAAP and Mexican FRS are founded on similar principles, there are a number of detailed application differences, some of which are more restrictive under IFRS and others of which are more restrictive under US GAAP and/or Mexican FRS. In relation to effectiveness testing, IFRS does not permit the shortcut order that is accepted under US GAAP and Mexican FRS.As a result, if shelve accounting is to be maintained on an uninterrupted basis, current US GAAP and Mexican FRS reporting entities using the shortcut system will need to prepare documentation that supports hedge accounting (outside of the shortcut strategy), with said documentation in place no later than the transition pick up to IFRS. IFRS does not include a requirement for net settlement within the definition of a derivative, effectively resulting in more instruments being recognized as derivatives under IFRS.Hence, more ins truments will be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value with adjustments through earnings and greater earnings volatility when reporting under IFRS. consolidation The entities consolidated within the financial statements may vary with, generally, more entities consolidated under IFRS. IFRS focuses on a control-based model, with consideration of risks and rewards where control is not apparent. US GAAP utilizes a dual consolidation decision model, first assessing a variable interests model and then a voting control model.Mexican FRS follows a similar approach to IFRS, however certain differences exist. US GAAP is undergoing significant changes in intersection with IFRS in this area. Companies will be required to present noncontrolling interests as part of equity following the implementation of new US GAAP guidance. Additionally, in the pillowcase of a loss of control, to the extent any ownership interest is retained, the new US GAAP guidance will require that the interest reta ined be remeasured at fair value on the date control is lost. Any resulting gain or loss will be recognized in earnings.This is similar to the accounting currently required under IFRS and Mexican FRS, except that the Mexican FRS guidance does not permit remeasurement to fair value on the date control is lost. Equity Method Mexican FRS requires analysing whether significant influence exists in Special Purpose Entities to apply the equity method to such investments, whereas this is not required for IFRS or USGAAP. For the preparation of separate financial statements (non- consolidated) the investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint makes should be valued using the equity method.IFRS requires to measure investment in subsidiaries, associates and/or joint stakes in separate financial statements at either cost or fair value (equity method is not permitted) Business combinations US GAAP is undergoing significant changes in converging with IFRS in this area. Upon the adoption of th e new US GAAP guidance, many historical differences will be eliminated, although certain important differences will remain. Mexican FRS was revised considering the convergence with US GAAP and IFRS and is effective from January 1, 2009.The detailed section on the publication provides an example of such differences. 4 A helpful reminder Mexican FRS As from June 1, 2004, the Mexican Board for look for and Development of Financial Reporting Standards (CINIF for its acronym in Spanish) assumed the duties and responsibilities for issuance of Mexican FRS, activity that was carried out previously by the Mexican Institute of popular Accountants (IMCP for its acronym in Spanish). As its main project, the CINIF made a decision to assoil a study of IFRS and US GAAP to identify the most significant differences with a view to promoting its convergence.The first step was revising the framework as well as revising some old Mexican standards to accommodate them closer to IFRS. The plan is to f inish the revision of Mexican FRS by 2011. The standards previously issued by the IMCP were called General Accepted Accounting Principles in Mexico and the standards issued by the CINIF are called Financial Reporting Standards For the purpose of this publication all the Mexican guidance is considered Mexican FRS, when necessary the distinction is made by reference to old FRS or new FRS, otherwise the Mexican FRS refer to both and effective at the time of publishing this document.Mexican FRS framework requires following IFRS (as issued by the IASB) as suppletory, when no specific guidance is provided by Mexican FRS for a particular transaction or event. PwC Mexico has prepared a list of those IFRSs, including meter readings ( defines or IFRICs), that are considered suppletory for compliance with Mexican FRS. The analysis of the suppletory application of IFRS for Mexican FRS purposes is relevant as it could slim down the differences when transitioning to IFRS.However, care should b e taken because in certain circumstances the full application of the suppletory IFRSs was not considered because of specific facts and circumstances of the transaction or event and the interaction with other Mexican FRSs. Therefore, more differences could arise in practice. 5 Standard/ Interpretation IAS 18 Title Revenue Summary This standard establishes the accounting treatment of the revenue arising from the ordinary activities of an entity and when revenue should be recognized. This standard also establishes the rules relative to the dividends revenue recognition.Mexican FRS C-11 Stockholders equity establishes the concerning rules, so it would not be appropriate to apply the IAS 18 dispositions on this matter in a suppletory way. IAS 18 is effective for one-year periods root word on or after(prenominal) January 1,1995. INTERPRETATIONS that are also consider as suppletory in connection with revenue recognition localize 31 Revenue Barter transactions involving denote servic es, establishes the conditions for the recognition of revenue regarding barter transactions involving advertising services.This interpretation only applies to an exchange of dissimilar advertising services. An exchange of similar advertising services is not a transaction that generates revenue under IAS 18. This SIC is effective from December 31, 2001. IFRIC 13 node loyalty programmes These programmes consist in the granting of benefits (points that might be redeemed for products or services of the own entity or third parties, discounts in subsequent purchases, prices, and so on to the clients as a part of a sales transaction. The IFRIC establishes that such benefits should be recognized separately from the sales transactions. This IFRIC is effective for periods opening on or after July 1, 2008. IAS 20 Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government economic aid This addresses the accounting and training to be noticed on the grants from the political science, as well as the aspects to be disclosed in relation to other forms of government assistances.This standard is effective for one-year periods offset on or after January 1, 1984. INTERPRETATION that is also consider as suppletory in connection with government grants SIC 10 Government assistance- No specific relation to operating activities, which establishes that the government assistances that are not related to the operating activities of the entity receiving them, should be recognized in the income statement. This SIC is effective from August 1, 1998.IAS 26 Accounting and Reporting by Retirement Benefit Plans This Standard deals with accounting and reporting by the plan to all participants as a group. It does not deal with reports to individual participants about their retirement benefit rights. Retirement benefit plans may be delimitate contribution plans or defined benefits plans. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 1988. IAS 31 Inter ests in articulation VenturesThis establishes the guidance for the accounting of interests in joint ventures and the reporting of joint venture assets, liabilities, income and expenses in the financial statements of venturers and investors, regardless of the structures or forms under which the joint venture activities take place. However there are certain exceptions contained in the standards. Also, establishes that for collectively controlled entities, the proportional consolidation method should be applied, or alternatively the equity method to recognize the participation in such ventures.This standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2005. This version supersedes the one revised in 2000. INTERPRETATION that is also consider as suppletory in connection with joint ventures SIC 13 Jointly Controlled Entities- Non-Monetary Contributions by Venturers, The interpretation deals with the venturer? s accounting for non-monetary contributions to a JCE in exchange for an equity interest in the JCE that is accounted for using either the equity method or proportionate consolidation.SIC 13 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1,1999. 6 Standard/ Interpretation IAS 40 Title investiture property Summary This establishes the accounting treatment and disclosure requirements for investment properties defined as properties (lands, buildings, part of a building or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals of for capital sagaciousness or both, rather than for (a) use in the production or affix of goods or services or for administrative purposes or (b) sale in the ordinary course of business.The IAS 40 allows the use of one out of the two models proposed for valuation of the investment properties, these are cost model and fair value model. The Mexican FRS Circular 55, IAS 40 suppletory application April 2001 issued by the IMCP, considers the IAS 40 as suppletory but it is only accepted that the cost model is used for the recognition and measurement of the investment properties. IFRS 4 Insurance contractsThis standard specifies the financial information the insurers should present on the insurance and reinsurance contracts, as well as the recognition of the financial instruments with similar features issued by an entity, including matters such as temporary worker exemption from the fulfillment with other IFRS (test of liabilities adequacy and impairment of assets for reinsurance contracts), insurance contracts acquired in a business combination, etc.In Mexico, the entities belonging to the financial sector, including the insurers, prepare their financial information according to the rules issued by the CNBV which differ from the Mexican FRS so they should disclose this fact as well as the differences between such rules and the Mexican FRS, including the application of IFRS 4 as suppletory. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2005. IFRS 6 Exploration For and Evaluation of mineral ResourcesThis establishes the accounting treatment for the expenditures related to exploration and evaluation of mineral resources as well as the requirement of performing impairment test to those assets. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2006. IFRIC 2 Members Shares in Cooperative Entities and Similar Instruments Determining Whether an governing body Contains a Lease This interpretation provides guidance on how to account financial instruments, including members? shares that have characteristics of equity, including voting rights to participate in dividend distributions.This IFRIC is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2005. Provides a guide to determine if some arrangement are or contain a lease, in which case the provisions in the IAS 17 Leases should be applied. IAS 17 is not suppletory in Mexico, therefore, if based on IFRIC 4 it is conclude d that there is an arrangement, the provisions of the direction D-5 Leases should be applied. This interpretation applies to accounting in the financial statements of a reader for interests from decommissioning funds as well as the related obligations assumed in their financial statements.This interpretation is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2006. This Interpretation provides guidance on the recognition, in the financial statements of producers, of liabilities for botch up management under the EU Directive. The IFRIC 6 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after December 1, 2005. IFRIC 4 IFRIC 5 Rights to Interests arising from Decommissioning, counter and Environmental Rehabilitation funds Liabilities Arising From Participating in a specialised Market Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment IFRIC 6 7 Standard/ Interpretation IFRIC 12Title Service concession arrangements Summary This Interpretation gives guidance on the accounting by o perators for public-toprivate service concession arrangements. The concessions covered within the orbital cavity of this IFRIC are those where (a) the grantor controls or regulates what services the operator must provide with the infrastructure, to whom it must provide them, and at what price, and (b) the grantor controls-through ownership, beneficial entitlement of otherwise-any significant residual interest in the infrastructure at the end of the term of the arrangement.This Interpretation is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2008. Currently, there is an exposure rough drawing (INIF 17) regarding an interpretation on service concession arrangement similar to IFRIC 12 and is expected to be effective from January 1, 2010. New Mexican FRS The following standards and interpretations were considered suppletory until new guidance under Mexican FRS was issued as explained at a lower place Standard/ Interpretation Title Summary IFRS 2 Share-based payments Th is standard establishes the measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements to be followed in the event of share based payments.This standard is effective from annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2005 INTERPRETATIONS that were also consider as suppletory in connection with share based payments IFRIC 8 Scope of the IFRS 2, clarifies that IFRS 2 applies to transactions in which the entity cannot identify specifically some or all the goods or services received as consideration for equity instruments of the entity. It is effective from May 1, 2006 IFRIC 11 IFRS 2 host and treasury share transactions, which establishes the accounting treatment of shared based payments of different entities in a group. It is effective from May 1, 2006.The Mexican FRS D-8 Shared based payments effective from January 1, 2009, eliminates the suppletory application of IFRS 2, IFRIC 8 and IFRIC 11 from that date. SIC 12 Consolidation Special purpose entities (SPE) Establishes that an SPE s hould be consolidated when the center field of the relationship between an entity and the SPE indicates that the SPE is controlled by that entity. The Old Mexican FRS B-8 combine and consolidated financial statements and valuation of permanent share investments does not consider the treatment for SPE? s therefore the interpretation is considered suppletory.The Mexican revised FRS B-8 Combined and consolidated financial statements and the new Mexican FRS C-7 Investment in associates and other permanent investments (both effective from January 1, 2009) consider the consolidation of SPE? s in relation with subsidiaries and/or associates. Therefore, this new guidance eliminates the suppletory application of SIC 12 from January 1, 2009. 8 To have a deeper conversation about how this example may affect your business, please contact Alberto Del Castillo alberto. del. emailprotected pwc. com Michelle Orozco michelle. emailprotected pwc. com Armando Martinez martinez. emailprotected pwc. com Ricardo Noriega ricardo. emailprotected pwc. com Cecilia Versolatto cecilia. sandra. emailprotected pwc. com Arturo Martinez arturo. emailprotected pwc. com Rodrigo Ruvalcaba angel. emailprotected pwc. com Equipo de consultores altamente especializados en aspectos tecnicos de metodologia de conversion a IFRS, comprobada en mas de 1,300 conversiones en Mexico y en el mundo. Centro de excelencia de PwC Mexico en IFRS con experiencia desde hace 6 anos. Profesionales especializados en IFRS y con calificacion internacional. Mas informacion y publicaciones en nuestra pagina mesh pwc. com/mx/ifrs

Carrie Chapter Two

Im sure shell be completely right, she said. Carrie only(prenominal) has to go e verywhere to Carlin Street. The judicious air willing do her good.Morton gave the missy the yellow slip. You basin go now, Cassie, he said magnanimously.Thats non my name she screamed all(prenominal) in all in all at once.Morton recoiled, and lam Desjardin jumped as if struck from behind. The heavy ceramic ashtray on Mortons desk (it was Rodins Thinker with his head sour into a receptacle for cigarette exactlyts) suddenly toppled to the rug, as if to take c everyplace from the labour of her scream. Butts and flakes of Mortons pipe tobacco scatte blushing(a) on the pale-green nylon rug.Now, listen, Morton said, trying to muster sternness, I endure youre up grade, precisely that doesnt mean Ill stand for-Please, run Desjardin said quietly.Morton blinked at her and then nodded curtly. He well-tried to project the im come a gigantic of a loving John Wayne figure turn performing the disc iplinary functions that were his main ancestry as Assistant school principal, only when did not succeed very well. The government (usually represented at Jay Cee suppers, P.T.A. functions, and Ameri lav Legion award ceremonies by Principal heat content Grayle) usually termed him lovable Mort. The student body was more given(p) to term him that crazy ass-jabber from the pipice. But, as few students such as wand deLois and Henry Trennant spoke at P.T.A. functions or town meetings, the administrations view tended to book the day.Now lovable Mort, pipe down secretly nursing his jammed thumb, smiled at Carrie and said, Go along then if you requisite, escape Wright. Or would you handle to invest a spell and average collect yourself?Ill go, she muttered, and swiped at her hair. She got up, then looked nigh at Miss Desjardin. Her eyes were wide open and dark with knowledge. They laughed at me. Threw things. Theyve constantly laughed,Desjardin could only look at her helples sly.Carrie left.For a moment thither was silence Morton and Desjardin watched her go. Then, with an awkward throat-clearing undecomposed, Mr Morton hunkered slash carefully and began to sweep to clingher the dust from the fallen ashtray.What was that all ab step up?She sighed and looked at the drying maroon hand-print on her trunks with distaste. She got her period. Her foremost period. In the shower.Morton cleared his throat again and his cheeks went ping. The sheet of account he was sweeping with moved even faster. Isnt she a endorsement, uh-Old for her first? Yes. Thats what made it so traumatic for her. Although I cant watch why her overprotect The thought trailed off, forgotten for the moment. I dont think I handled it very well, Morty, exclusively I didnt understand what was going on. She thought she was bleeding to death.He wizardryed up sharply.I dont believe she knew there was such a thing as menstruation until half an hour ago.Hand me that shortsightedr sp an there, Miss Desjardin. Yes, thats it. She handed him a little brush with the legend Chamberlain Hardware and ram consume Comp all NEVER Brushes You Off written up the handle. He began to brush his pile of ashes on to the paper. thithers still going to be some for the senselessness cleaner, I guess. This deep pile is miserable. I thought I set that ashtray pricker on the desk further. Funny how things fall over. He bumped his head on the desk and sit up abruptly. Its hard for me to believe that a young lady in this or any other high school could get through and through trinity days and still be alien to the fact of menstruation, Miss Desjardin.Its even more embarrassing for me, she said. But its all I can think of to explain her reaction. And shes always been a group scapegoat.Urn. He funnelled the ashes and plainlyts into the wastepaper basket and dusted his hands. Ive placed her, I think. White. Margaret Whites daughter. Must be. That makes it a little easier to believe . He sit down down behind his desk and smiled apologeti yelly. Theres so many of them. After five courses or so, they all start to merge into one group guinea pig. You call boys by their brothers names, that eccentric person of thing. Its hard.Of course it is.Wait til youve been in the game twenty dollar bill years, like me, he said morosely, looking down at his seam blister. You get kids that look familiar and find turn fall out you had their daddy the year you started teaching. Margaret White was before my time, for which I am profoundly grateful. She t senior Mrs Bicente, god relaxation behavior her, that the Lord was reserving a special burning seat in cuckoos nest for her because she gave the kids an outline of Mr Darwins beliefs on evolution. She was suspended doubly while she was here at a time for beating a classmate with her purse. Legend has it that Margaret saw the classmate dope a cigarette. Peculiar unearthly views. Very peculiar. His John Wayne expressio n suddenly snapped down. The other girls. Did they really laugh at her?Worse. They were yelling and throwing sanitary napkins at her when I walked in. Throwing them like.. like peanuts.Oh. Oh, dear. John Wayne disappeared. Mr Morton went scarlet. You have names?Yes. Not all of them, although some of them may rat on the rest. Christine Hargensen appeared to be the ringleader as usual.Chris and her Mortimer Snurds, Morton murmured.Yes. Tina Blake, Rachel Spies, Helen Shyres, Donna Thibodeau and her sister Fern, Lila Grace, Jessica Upshaw. And Sue Snell. She frowned. You wouldnt expect a trick like that from Sue. Shes neer seemed the type for this kind of a stunt.Did you guggle to the girls involved?Miss Desjardin chuckled unhappily. I got them the perdition out of there. I was too flustered. And Carrie was having hysterics.Um. He steepled his fingers. Do you plan to talk to them?Yes. But she sounded reluctant.Do I detect a note of-You in all probability do, she said glumly. Im living in a glass house, see. I understand how those girls felt. The whole thing just made me inadequacy to take the girl and shake her. Maybe-theres some kind of instinct about menstruation that makes women want to snarl. I dont know. I keep seeing Sue Snell and the way she looked.Um, Mr Morton tell wisely. He did not understand women and had no urge at all to discuss menstruation.Ill talk to them tomorrow, she promised, rising. Rip them down one side and up the other.Good. Make the punishment suit the crime. And if you tang you have to send any of them to, ah, to me, feel free-I will, she said kindly. By the way, a light blew out while I was trying to calm her down. It added the final touch.Ill send a janitor right down, he promised. And thanks for doing your best, Miss Desjardin. Will you have Miss Fish send in Billy and Henry?Certainly. She left.He leaned keystone and let the whole business slide out of his mind. When Billy deLois and Henry Trennant, classcutters extraordin aire, slunk in, he glared at them happily and prepared to talk tough.As he often told Hank Grayle, he ate class-cutters for lunch.Graffiti scratched on a desk in Chamberlain Junior High schooltimeRoses are red, violets are blue, sugar is sweet, save Carrie While eats shit.She walked down Ewin Avenue and crosssed over to Carlin at the traffic signal on the corner. Her head was down and she was trying to think of nothing. Cramps came and went in great, bewitching waves, making her slow down and speed up like a car with carburettor trouble. She stared at the sidewalk. Quartz glittering in the cement. Hop-scotch grids scratched in ghostly, rain-faded chalk. Wads of gum stamped flat. Pieces of tinfoil and penny-candy wrappers. They all nauseate and they neer stop. They never get tired of it. A penny lodged in a crack. She kicked it. envisage Chris Hargensen all bloody and screaming for mercy. With rats crawling all over her face. Good. Good. That would be good. A dog turd with a fo ot-track in the middle of it. A roll of blackened caps that some kid had banged with a stone. Cigarette butts. clangour in her head with a rock, with a boulder. Crash in all their hearts. Good. Good.(saviour Jesus meek and mild)That was good for mom, all right for her. She didnt have to go among the wolves every day of every year, out into a carnival of laughers, joke-tellers, pointers, snickerers. And didnt momma say there would be a Day of Judgment.(the name of that star shall be wormwood and they shall be scourged with scorpions)and an angel with a sword?If only it would be today and Jesus coming not with a lamb and a shepherds crook, but with a boulder on each hand to nonplus the laughters and the snickerers, to root out the evil and destroy it screaming a tremendous Jesus of blood and righteousness.And if only she could be His sword and His arm.She had tried to fit. She had defied milliampere in a hundred little ways, had tried to erase the red-plague order that had been drawn around her from the first day she had left the controlled environment of the atrophied house on Carlin Street and had walked up to the Baker Street Grammar School with her book of account under her arm. She could still remember that day, the stares, and the sudden, awful silence when she had gotten down on her knees before lunch in the school cafeteria-the laughter had begun on that day and had echoed up through the years.The red-plague circle was like blood itself-you could chaparral and scrub and scrub and still it would be there, not erased, not clean. She had never gotten on her knees in a public place again, although she had not told florists chrysanthemum that. Still, the original store remained, with her and with them. She had fought mum tooth and nail over the Christian perform Camp, and had earned the money to go herself by taking in sewing. Momma told her darkly that it was Sin, that it was Methodists and Baptists and Congregationalists and that it was Sin an d Backsliding. She forbade Carrie to swim at the camp. Yet although she had swum and had laughed when they ducked her (until she couldnt get her suggestion any more and they kept doing it and she got panicky and began to scream) and had tried to take pct in the camps activities, a thousand practical jokes had been picniced on ol prayin Carrie and she had move up home on the bus a week early, her eyes red and socketed from weeping, to be picked up by Momma at the station, and Momma had told her grimly that she should treasure the memory of her scourging as proof that Momma knew, that Momma was right, that the only hope of safety and salvation was inside the red circle. For straight is the gate, Momma said grimly in the taxi, and at home she had sent Carrie to the public press for six hours.Momma had, of course, forbade her to shower with the other girls Carrie had hidden her shower things in her school locker and had showered anyway, taking part in a defenseless ritual that was shameful and embarrassing to her in hopes that the circle around her big businessman fade a little, just a little-(but today o today)Tommy Erbter, age five, was biking up the other side of the highroad. He was a small, intense-looking boy on a twenty-inch Schwinn with voguish-red training wheels. He was humming Scoobie Doo, where are you? under his breath. He saw Carrie, brightened, and stuck out his tongue.Hey, ol fart-face Ol prayin CarrieCarrie glared at him with sudden smoking rage. The bike wobbled on its training wheels and suddenly fell over. Tommy screamed. The bike was on top of him. Carrie smiled and walked on. The sound of Tommys wails was sweet, jangling music in her ears.If only she could make something like that befall whenever she liked.(just did)She stopped dead seven houses up from her own, staring blankly at nothing. Behind her, Tommy was climbing tearfully back on to his bike, nursing a scraped knee. He yelled something at her, but she ignored it. She had bee n yelled at by experts.She had been thinking(fall off that bike kid stir up you off that bike and split your rotten head)And something had happenedHer mind had had she groped for a word. Had flexed. That was not just right, but it was very close. There had been a curious mental bending, around like an elbow curling a dumbbell. That wasnt exactly right either, but it was all she could think of. An elbow with no strength. A weak baby muscle.Flex.She suddenly stared fiercely at Mrs Yorratys big picture window. She thought(stupid frumpty old bitch break that window)Nothing. Mrs Yorratys picture window glittered serenely in the fresh nine oclock glow of morning. Another cramp gripped Carries belly and she walked on.But The light. And the ashtray dont choke up the ashtray.She looked back(old bitch hates my momma)over her shoulder. Again it seemed that something flexed but very weakly. The current of her thoughts shuddered as if there had been a sudden bubbling from a headspring dee per inside.The picture window seemed to ripple. Nothing more. It could have been her eyes. Could have been.Her head began to feel tired and bleary, and it throbbed with the beginning of a headache. Her eyes were hot, as if she had just sat down and read the Book of Revelations straight through.She continued to walk down the street toward the small white house with the blue shutters. The familiar hate-love-dread signature was churning inside her. Ivy had crawled up the west side of the bungalow (they always called it the bungalow because the White house sounded like a semipolitical joke and Momma said all politicians were crooks and sinners and would eventually give the state over to the Godless Reds who would put all the believers of Jesus even the Catholics up against the wall), and the ivy was picturesque, she knew it was, but sometimes she scorned it. Sometimes, like now, the ivy looked like a grotesque giant hand ridged with great veins which had sprung up out of the groun d to grip the building. She approached it with dragging feet.Of course, there had been the stones.She stopped again, trice vapidly at the day. The stones. Momma never talked about that Carrie didnt even know if her momma still remembered the day of the stones. It was surprising that she herself still remembered it. She had been a very little girl then. How old? Three? Four? There had been the girl in the white cleanse suit, and then the stones came. And things had flown in the house. Here the memory was, suddenly bright and clear. As if it had been here all along, just downstairs the surface, waiting for a kind of mental puberty.Waiting, maybe, for today.From Carrie The Black Dawn of T.K. (Esquire Magazine, phratry 12, 1980) by Jack GaverEstelle Horan had lived in the neat San Diego suburb of Parrish for twelve years, and outwardly she is typical Mrs California She wears bright print shifts and smoked amber shades her hair is black-streaked blonde she drives a neat maroon Volks wagen Formula Vee with a smile decal on the petrol cap and a green-flag ecology sticker on the back window. Her husband is an executive at the Parrish di insolateite of the Bank of America her son and daughter are certified members of the southerly California Sun n Fun Crowd, burnished-brown beach creatures. There is a hibachi in the small, beautifully kept back gram, and the door chimes play a tinkly phrase from the refrain of Hey, Jude.But Mrs Horan still carries the thin, difficult soil of New England somewhere inside her, and when she talks of Carrie White her face takes on an odd, pinched look that is more like Lovecraft out of Arkham than Kerouac out of Southern Cat.Of course she was strange, Estelle Horan tells me. lighting a second Virginia Slim a moment after stubbing out her first. The whole family was strange. Ralph was a construction worker, and passel on the street said he carried a Bible and a .38 revolver to work with him every day. The Bible was for his coffee br eak and lunch. The .38 was in case he met Antichrist on the job, I can remember the Bible myself. The revolver who knows? He was a big olive-skinned man with his hair always shaved into a flattop crewcut. He always looked mean. And you didnt meet his eyes, not ever. They were so intense they actually seemed to glow. When you saw him coming you crossed the street and you never stuck out your tongue at his back, not ever. Thats how spooky he was.She pauses, puffing clouds of cigarette smoke toward the pseudo-redwood beams that cross the ceiling. Stella Horan lived on Carlin Street until she was twenty, exchange to day classes at Lewin Business College in Motton. But she remembers the incidents of the stones very clearly.There are times, she says, when I wonder if I might have caused it. Their back yard was next to ours, and Mrs White had put in a deflect but it hadnt grown out yet. Shed called my produce dozens of times about the show I was putting on in my back yard. Well, my bat hing suit was perfectly decent prudish by todays standards nothing but a plain old one-piece Jantzen. Mrs White used to go on and on about what a scandal it was for her baby. My mother..-. well, she tries to be polite, but her temper is so quick. I dont know what Margaret White did to finally push her over the edge called me the Whore of Babylon, I suppose but my mother told her our yard was our yard and Id go out and dance the hootchie-kootchie buck bare if that was her pleasure and mine. She also told her that she was a dirty old charr with a can of worms for a mind. There was a lot more shouting, but that was the upshot of it.I wanted to stop sunbathing right then. I hate trouble. It upsets my stomach. But Mom-when she gets a case, shes a terror. She came home from Jordan Marsh with a little white bikini. Told me I might as well get all the sun I could. After all, she said, the privacy of our own back yard and all.Stella Horan smiles a little at the memory and crushes out h er cigarette.I tried to argue with her, tell her I didnt want any more trouble, didnt want to be a pawn in their back-fence war. Didnt do a bit of good. Trying to stop my mum when she gets a bee in her hat is like trying to stop a Mack truck going downward-sloping with no brakes. Actually, there was more to it. I was scared of the Whites. Real religious nuts are nothing to fool with. Sure, Ralph White was dead, but what if Margaret still had that .38 around?But there I was on Saturday afternoon, spread out on a blanket in the back yard, covered with tan lotion and listening to Top Forty on the radio. Mom hated that stuff and usually shed yell out at least twice for me to turn it down before she went nuts. But that day she turned it up twice herself. I started to feel like the Whore of Babylon myselfBut secret code came out of the Whites place. Not even the old lady to hang her wash. Thats something else she never hung any undies on the back line. Not even Carries, and she was o nly three back then. Always in the house.I started to relax. I guess I was thinking Margaret must have taken Carrie to the park to worship God in the raw or something. Anyway, after a little while I rolled on my back, put one arm over my eyes, and dozed off.When I woke up, Carrie was standing next to me and looking down at my body.She breaks off, lour into space. Outside, the cars are whizzzing by endlessly. I can hear the steady little whine my tape recorder makes. But it all seems a little too brittle, too glossy, just a cheap patina over a darker world a real world where nightmares happen.She was such a reasonably girl, Stella Horan resumes, fighting another cigarette. Ive seen some high school pictures of her, and that horrible fuzzy black-and-white photo on the cover of Newsweek. I look at them and all I can think is, Dear God, where did she go? What did that woman do to her? Then I feel sick and sorry. She was so pretty, with pink cheeks and bright brown eyes, and her hair the shade of blonde you know will darken and get mousy. Sweet is the only word that fits. Sweet and bright and innocent. Her mothers sickness hadnt touched her very deeply, not then.I kind of started up awake and tried to smile. It was hard to think what to do. I was logy from the sun and my mind felt sticky and slow. I said Hi. She was wearing a little yellow dress, sort of cute but awfully long for a little girl in the summer. It came down to her shins.She didnt smile back. She just pointed and said, What are those?I looked down and saw that my top had slipped while I was asleep. So I fixed it and said, Those are my breasts, Carrie,Then she said-very solemnly I wish I had some.I said You have to wait, Carrie. You wont start to get them for another oh. eight or nine years.